Old Swedish verb conjugation

Old Swedish belongs to the Scandinavian branch of the Germanic languages, a subfamily of Indo-European languages. It is an eastern development of the language known as Dænsk tunga (Danish tongue), which was spoken in all of Scandinavia even before the early Middle Ages.

The Swedish branch of this common tongue developed into a separate language from 900 to 1500 AD; the oldest period (900-1225) is known as Runic Swedish. The Latin alphabet was introduced in the 13th century; periods of further differentiation followed, and some approximation to Danish occurred. This latter period (1225-1500) is known as Old Swedish. The written language, based on two of the most widely spoken dialects, was made uniform throughout Sweden in the 14th century.

Conjugate an Old Swedish Verb

Fill in the infinitive. Don't use any capital letters!
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Some of the Old Swedish characters don't exist in the English alphabet. If you can't input them here - try the following:

To Get Enter Sample Verbs
æ aE aEgha equals ægha
ø o! go!ra equals gøra
þ tH letHa equals leþa

Old Swedish strong verbs

Old Swedish verbs were grouped in two major groups: weak verbs and string verbs. They differ in they way of forming the past tense. Weak verbs form the past tense with a dental suffix (þ, d, t), e.g., kalla -- kallaþe. Strong verbs form the past with vowel shift in the root of the verb.

According to different vowel shifts, strong verbs were grouped in 6 categories.

I group (ī - ē - i)
bīta (to bite), cf. Old English bītan, Swedish 'bita', German 'beißen', Dutch 'bijten'.

II group (iū - œ̄ - u)
biūþa (to offer), cf. Old English bēodan, Swedish 'bjuda'.

III group (æ - a - u,o)
værþa (to become), cf. Old English weoran, German 'werden', Dutch 'worden'.

IV group (æ,i - a - ā - u,o)
stiæla (to steal), cf. Old English stelan, Swedish 'stjäla', German 'stehlen', Dutch 'stelen'.

V group (,i - a - ā -e)
mæta (to measure), cf. Old English metan, Swedish 'mäta', German 'messen', Dutch 'meten'.

VI group (a - ō - a)
fara (to go), cf. Old English faran, Swedish 'fara', German 'fahren', Dutch 'faren'.

Links

References

  • Noreen, Adolf. Altnordische Grammatik II. Max Niemeyer. Halle, 1904.
  • Noreen, Adolf. Altschwedische grammatik. Max Niemeyer. Halle, 1896.
  • Noreen, Adolf. Altschwedische grammatik mit Einschluß des Altgutnischen. Max Niemeyer. Halle, 1904.
  • Noreen, Adolf. Grunddragen av den Fornsvenska Grammatiken. K.W. Appelbergs boktrykkeri. Uppsala, 1910.