Nominal Forms
Infinitive: abbast
First participle: hafast abbast
Second participle: abbast
Cognates
-
Indicative
Present
| ég | abbast |
| þú | abbast |
| hann | abbast |
| við | öbbumst |
| þið | abbist |
| þeir | abbast |
Perfect
| ég | hef abbast |
| þú | hefur abbast |
| hann | hefur abbast |
| við | höfum abbast |
| þið | hafið abbast |
| þeir | hafa abbast |
Past
| ég | abbaðist |
| þú | abbaðist |
| hann | abbaðist |
| við | öbbuðumst |
| þið | öbbuðust |
| þeir | öbbuðust |
Pluperfect
| ég | hafði abbast |
| þú | hafðir abbast |
| hann | hafði abbast |
| við | höfðum abbast |
| þið | höfðuð abbast |
| þeir | höfðu abbast |
Future
| ég | mun abbast |
| þú | munt abbast |
| hann | mun abbast |
| við | munum abbast |
| þið | munuð abbast |
| þeir | munu abbast |
Future Perfect
| ég | mun hafa abbast |
| þú | munt hafa abbast |
| hann | mun hafa abbast |
| við | munum hafa abbast |
| þið | munuð hafa abbast |
| þeir | munu hafa abbast |
Subjunctive
Present
| ég | abbist |
| þú | abbist |
| hann | abbist |
| við | öbbumst |
| þið | abbist |
| þeir | abbist |
Perfect
| ég | hafi abbast |
| þú | hafir abbast |
| hann | hafi abbast |
| við | höfum abbast |
| þið | hafið abbast |
| þeir | hafi abbast |
Past
| ég | abbaðist |
| þú | abbaðist |
| hann | abbaðist |
| við | öbbuðumst |
| þið | öbbuðust |
| þeir | öbbuðust |
Pluperfect
| ég | hefði abbast |
| þú | hefðir abbast |
| hann | hefði abbast |
| við | hefðum abbast |
| þið | hefðuð abbast |
| þeir | hefðu abbast |
Conditional
Present
| ég | mundi abbast |
| þú | mundir abbast |
| hann | mundi abbast |
| við | mundum abbast |
| þið | munduð abbast |
| þeir | mundu abbast |
Past conditional
| ég | mundi hafa abbast |
| þú | mundir hafa abbast |
| hann | mundi hafa abbast |
| við | mundum hafa abbast |
| þið | munduð hafa abbast |
| þeir | mundu hafa abbast |
Imperative
| þú | abba |
| við | öbbumst |
| þið | abbist |
Sample Sentences
-
infinitive:
-
supine:
-
first-person singular present indicative:
-
second-person singular present indicative:
-
1896, George Gordon Byron, “Mazeppa”, in Steingrímur Thorsteinsson, transl., Tímarit hins íslenzka bókmenntafjelags [The Magazine of the Icelandic Literary Society], number 17, Reykjavík, pages 218–219:
-
Ei blindhríð rokið bráðar fær,
-
Er blónda tyrmir húsum nær,
-
Svo hvergi þröskuld hittir sinn,
-
Þar hann kemst aldrei framar inn,
-
Í sjónum ær, — enn fjörvi fyltur
-
Um firna skógar þreyttist slóð
-
Óþreyttur jórinn, taumlaus, tryltur,
-
Sem eptirlætis abbast jóð
-
Er eitt sinn verður móti látið,
-
Eða sem skapstórt ærist fljóð, (No blinding blizzard or sudden gale,
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Nor the swirling snow-mist choking the houses,
-
Could stop him; though he never finds his threshold again,
-
Nor ever again steps through his door.
-
Mad in his senses—yet filled with life,
-
Through the vast forest’s path he toiled,
-
That tireless steed, reinless and wild,
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Like a spoiled, fretting child
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Who is defied for the very first time,
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Or like a high-spirited woman driven to fury
-
Who could no longer endure restraint.) [third-person singular present indicative]
-
, Henrik Thorlacius, “Baðstofuhjal [Kitchen Chat]”, in Tíminn [The Time], number 36, Reykjavík, page 279: (Danes understand this well in their own language and neither fuss, nitpick, nor misunderstand.) [third-person plural present indicative]
-
singular imparative:
Etymology
1. From Old Norse abbast, of unknown origin. De Vries (1977) and Magnússon (1989) propose the following theories:
2. * Related to Old Norse apr (“evil; concerned”, adjective; whence Icelandic apur (“hard; cold, bitter”, adjective)), from Proto-Germanic *ampraz (“sour”, adjective), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₃mós (“raw; sour”, adjective);
3. * Related to Old Norse afr/aðr (“strong”, adjective), which Vennemann gen. Nierfeld (2012) and Cohen (1975) argue derives from Proto-Germanic *abr-, borrowed from Hebrew אַבִּיר (“strong”, adjective); if so, from Hebrew אֵבָר (“to be strong”, verb) and related to Akkadian 𒀀𒁀𒊒 (abāru, “strength”);
4. * Related to Old Norse afl m (“physical strength; force; majority; virtue”, noun) (whence Icelandic afl (“might; energy; force”, noun)), from Proto-Germanic *aflą n (“strength”, noun), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ep- (“to work; ability”).
5. * Related to Icelandic afsi m (“fury; unruly person/animal”, noun), Icelandic afsa- (“very”, prefix), both of unknown origin;
6. * Related to Old Norse æfr (“fierce”, adjective; whence Icelandic æfur (“fierce”, adjective)), from Proto-Germanic *aibraz (“harsh”, adjective), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eybʰros (“harsh”); possibly inlfuenced by Proto-Germanic *abraz (“fierce”, adjective), from Pre-Germanic *h₃(e)prós, equivalent to the lost strong verb *afaną + *-raz.
7. Jóhannesson (1932, 1965) claims that abbast, all previously mentioned theorised related terms excluding apr, and afrnagandi, afryrði, afsaligr, afsast, ebbi, efla, efna, efni, and œfa ultimately derive from Proto-Germanic *op-, but his work has since been retracted.
8. Equivalent to *abba + -st. It is unclear whether there was ever use in the active voice (i.e. standalone *abba).
9. Not attested on its own (i.e. outside of abbast í, abbast til, abbast upp á, abbast út í, abbast við) until 1896.
Verbs conjugated like 'abbast'
abbast,
afbaka,
afkasta,
afla,
afsaka,
afturkalla,
afþakka,
aga,
ama,
amstra,
anda,
andast,
andvarpa,
anga,
angra,
annast,
ansa,
apa,
ata,
aðlaga, etc. (List truncated at 20 verbs)
Verbs similar to 'abbast'
andast,
annast,
aukast,
afbaka,
afkasta,
auðnast,
blasa,
daprast,
efast,
eldast,
Translations
diss, to put someone down or show verbal disrespect