sack – English verb conjugation

Nominal Forms

Infinitive: to sack
Participle: sacked
Gerund: sacking

Cognates

-

Indicative

Subjunctive

Conditional

Imperative

you	sack
we	Let's sack
you	sack

Indicative

Conditional

Synonyms & Antonyms

Synonyms

terminate the employment of

cards, fire, give the boot, give the elbow, heave-ho|give the old heave-ho, let go, redundant, terminate, lay off, throw out, unhire

to remove someone from a job

axe, get the chop|give the chop, give somebody the heave-ho|give the old heave-ho, give the boot, give the elbow, redundant, lay off

to actively and intentionally gain possession or control

appropriate, bag, catch, expropriate, grab, grasp, grip, help oneself, hook, impropriate, make free with, nab, nim, pocket, seize, take

Additional Information

Phrasal Verbs

Etymology

1. From Middle English sak, sek, sach, zech (“bag, sackcloth”), from Old English sacc (“sack, bag”) and sæċċ (“sackcloth, sacking”); both from Proto-West Germanic *sakku, from late Proto-Germanic *sakkuz (“sack”), borrowed from Latin saccus (“large bag”), from Ancient Greek σάκκος (sákkos, “bag of coarse cloth”), from Semitic, possibly Phoenician or Hebrew.
2. Cognate with Dutch zak, German Sack, Swedish säck, Danish sæk, Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk sekk, Faroese and Icelandic sekkur, Hebrew שַׂק (śaq, “sack, sackcloth”), Aramaic סַקָּא, Classical Syriac ܣܩܐ, Ge'ez ሠቅ (śäḳ), Akkadian 𒆭𒊓 (saqqu), Egyptian sꜣgꜣ. Doublet of sac, saccus, saco, and sakkos.
3. Černý and Forbes suggest the word was originally Egyptian, a nominal derivative of sꜣq (“to gather or put together”) that also yielded Coptic ⲥⲟⲕ (sok, “sackcloth”) and was borrowed into Greek perhaps by way of a Semitic intermediary. However, Vycichl and Hoch reject this idea, noting that such an originally Egyptian word would be expected to yield Hebrew *סַק rather than שַׂק. Instead, they posit that the Coptic and Greek words are both borrowed from Semitic, with the Coptic word perhaps developing via Egyptian sꜣgꜣ.
4. Sense evolution
5. * “Pillage” senses from the use of sacks in carrying off plunder. From Middle French sac, shortened from the phrase mettre à sac (“put it in a bag”), a military command to pillage; also parallel meaning with Italian sacco (“plunder”), from Medieval Latin saccō (“pillage”). From Vulgar Latin saccare (“to plunder”), from saccus (“sack”). See also ransack. American football “tackle” sense from this “plunder, conquer” root.
6. * “Removal from employment” senses attested since 1825; the original formula was “to give (someone) the sack”, likely from the notion of a worker going off with his tools in a sack, or being given such a sack for his personal belongings as part of an expedient severance. Idiom exists earlier in French (on luy a donné son sac, 17c.) and Middle Dutch (iemand den zak geven). English verb in this sense recorded from 1841. Current verb, to sack (“to fire”) carries influence from the forceful nature of “plunder, tackle” verb senses.
7. * Slang meaning “bunk, bed” is attested since 1825, originally nautical, likely in reference to sleeping bags. The verb meaning “go to bed” is recorded from 1946.
8. * Slang meaning "scrotum" is an ellipsis of ballsack. See: Egyptian, Ancient 'sꜣgꜣ', Coptic 'ⲥⲟⲕ', Egyptian, Ancient 'sꜣgꜣ'.

Sample Sentences