drunjaną – Proto-Germanic verb conjugation

Proto-Germanic verb forms of drunjaną

Active Voice

Indicative Present

1st sing.drunjō
2nd sing.drunisi
3rd sing.druniþi
1st dualdrunjōs
2nd dualdrunjaþiz
1st plur.drunjamaz
2nd plur.druniþ
3rd plur.drunjanþi

Indicative Past

1st sing.drunidǭ
2nd sing.drunidēz
3rd sing.drunidē
1st dualdrunidēdū
2nd dualdrunidēdudiz
1st plur.drunidēdum
2nd plur.drunidēdud
3rd plur.drunidēdun

Subjunctive Present

1st sing.drunjaų
2nd sing.drunjais
3rd sing.drunjai
1st dualdrunjaiw
2nd dualdrunjaiþiz
1st plur.drunjaim
2nd plur.drunjaiþ
3rd plur.drunjain

Subjunctive Past

1st sing.drunidēdį̄
2nd sing.drunidēdīz
3rd sing.drunidēdī
1st dualdrunidēdīw
2nd dualdrunidēdīdiz
1st plur.drunidēdīm
2nd plur.drunidēdīd
3rd plur.drunidēdīn

Imperative

2nd sing.druni
3rd sing.drunjaþau
2nd dualdrunjaþiz
2nd plur.druniþ
3rd plur.drunjanþau

Passive Voice

Indicative

1st sing.drunjai
2nd sing.drunjasai
3rd sing.drunjaþai
1st plur.drunjanþai
2nd plur.drunjanþai
3rd plur.drunjanþai

Subjunctive

2nd sing.drunjaisau
3rd sing.drunjaiþau
1st plur.drunjainþau
2nd plur.drunjainþau
3rd plur.drunjainþau

Participles

Presentdrunjandz
Pastdrunidaz

Etymology

1. From *drunjuz (“sound”) + *-janą.
2. Per Vasmer, the above root *drunjuz is perhaps ultimately from an imitative Proto-Indo-European *dʰreh₁w- (“to drone”); see also Sanskrit ध्रणति (dhráṇati, “to sound”), Old Irish drésacht (“crackling, noise”), German trensen (“to make heavy sounds from the vocal cords”), Dutch drenzen (“to moan”), Ancient Greek θρῆνος (thrênos, “lamentation for the deceased”), English drone, Old Prussian droanse (“corncrake”), Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌿𐍃 (drunjus, “sound”). This theory is implicitly accepted by Orel. See: Sanskrit 'ध्रणति', German, old spelling 'trensen', Dutch 'drenzen', English 'drone'.

Verbs referencing "drunjaną"

Danish drøne, Dutch dreunen, German, old spelling dröhnen, Faroese drynja, Icelandic drynja.

Cognates

See the 4 cognates of drunjaną