Infinitives
| Infinitive I | astudak |
| Infinitive II | astudë |
Supine
astuma
Verbal Noun
astuminën
Participles
| Active Present | astuba |
| Passive Present | astudapa; astuttapa |
| Active Past | astunut |
| Passive Past | astudu; astuttu |
Indicative
Present
| Sg.1 | astun |
| Sg.2 | astut |
| Sg.3 | astubi; astu |
| Pl.1 | astukma |
| Pl.2 | astukta |
| Pl.3 | astubat; astu |
Past
| Sg.1 | astuin |
| Sg.2 | astuit |
| Sg.3 | astui |
| Pl.1 | astuima |
| Pl.2 | astuida |
| Pl.3 | astui |
Present
| Passive | astuksën; astut'aksën; astudapa; astuttapa |
| Connegative | astuk |
| Passive Connegative | astuktak |
Past
| Passive | astudisën; astuttisën; astudu; astuttu |
Imperative
| Sg.2 | astuk |
| Sg.3 | astugasën |
| Pl.1 | astugatëma |
| Pl.2 | astugata |
| Pl.3 | astugasën |
Optative
| Sg.1 | astugon |
| Sg.2 | astugos |
| Sg.3 | astugosën |
| Pl.1 | astugotëma |
| Pl.2 | astugotta |
| Pl.3 | astugosën |
Imperative
| Passive | astudakahën; astuttakahën |
| Connegative | astugak |
| Passive Connegative | astudagak; astuttagak |
Optative
| Passive | astudakohën; astuttakohën |
| Connegative | astugok |
| Passive Connegative | astudagok; astuttagok |
Conditional I
| Sg.1 | astukcin |
| Sg.2 | astukcit |
| Sg.3 | astukci |
| Pl.1 | astukcima |
| Pl.2 | astukcita |
| Pl.3 | astukci |
Conditional II
| Sg.1 | astuicin |
| Sg.2 | astuicit |
| Sg.3 | astuici |
| Pl.1 | astuicima |
| Pl.2 | astuicita |
| Pl.3 | astuici |
Conditional I
| Passive | astudakcihën; astut'akcihën |
| Connegative | astukcik |
| Passive Connegative | astudakcik; astut'akcik |
Conditional II
| Passive | astudicihën; astutticihën |
| Connegative | astuicik |
| Passive Connegative | astudicik; astutticik |
Potential
| Sg.1 | astunën |
| Sg.2 | astunët |
| Sg.3 | astuni |
| Pl.1 | astunëma |
| Pl.2 | astunëta |
| Pl.3 | astuni |
Potential
| Passive | astudanëhën; astuttanëhën |
| Connegative | astunëk |
| Passive Connegative | astudanëk; astuttanëk |
Verbs conjugated like astudak
laihtudak,
uskodak,
paisudak,
huhtodak,
lausudak,
pursudak,
istudak,
kustudak,
kuuludak,
nivodak,
survodak,
torjudak,
loksudak,
uinudak,
hëiludak,
ulvodak,
toivodak,
lauhtudak,
nockudak,
hëërodak, etc. (List truncated at 20 verbs)
Etymology
Derived from Proto-Uralic *aśka- + *-tudak, with simplification of the consonant cluster *-śk-t- > *-st-. The exact semantic meaning of the suffix in this word (family) is obscure.
Sample Sentences