arkls – Latvian noun declension

Noun: arkls
Hyphenation:

Gender: Declension:

Singular

Nominative	arkls
Accusative	arklu
Genitive	arkla
Dative	arklam
Instrumental	arklu
Locative	arklā
Vocative	arkl

Plural

Nominative	arkli
Accusative	arklus
Genitive	arklu
Dative	arkliem
Instrumental	arkliem
Locative	arklos
Vocative	arkli

Sample Sentences

vispārējas nozīmes arkls (general-purpose plow)
divlemešu, pieclemešu arkls (two-share, five-share plow)
zirgvilkmes arkls (horse-drawn plow)
traktorvilkmes, traktora arkls (tractor plow)
iejūgt zirgu arklā (to harness the horse to (lit. in) the plow)
iet aiz arkla (to go behind the plow (= to plow))
likt pie arkla (to put (someone) at the plow (= to make him/her plow))
sniega arkls (snowplow (device for removing snow))
grāvju arkls (backhoe (lit. ditch plow))
viena arkla saimniecība (a one arkls farm)
arklu revīzija ((in feudal times) the verification of the area and value of land in farms and estates (for taxation purposes))

Nouns inflected like arkls

gredzens, greznums, sniegs, salāts, sakars, diftongs, smaids, sonets, sivēns, dienests, piecnieks, skudrs, skvērs, skaits, pacients, vilciens, realizējums, skatiens, izskats, spoguļattēls, etc. (List truncated at 20 nouns)

Etymology

Cognate to Lithuanian árklas. From Proto-Baltic *arklas, masculine counterpart of an earlier *arkla, from *árˀtlan, from *artra, from Proto-Indo-European (< *h₂érh₃trom, from *h₂erh₃- (“to plow”) — whence also the verb art, q.v. —, ultimately from *h₁er- “sparse; to crumble, to fall to pieces,” with an instrumental suffix *-trom). Cognates include Old Irish arathar, Middle High German arl, Ancient Greek ἄροτρον (árotron), Latin arātrum. (A separate meaning of "land measure" comes from an earlier variant arklis, originally (13th century) the amount of land that could be plowed with one horse and one plow, later on much more than that; by the late 18th century, arkls and arklis had merged back into one word.) See: Ancient Greek Nouns 'ἄροτρον', Latin Nouns 'arātrum'.