hold – English verb conjugation

Nominal Forms

Infinitive: to hold down sb
Participle: held down sb
Gerund: holding down sb

Cognates

-

Indicative

Present

I	hold down sb
you	hold down sb
he;she;it	holds down sb
we	hold down sb
you	hold down sb
they	hold down sb

Perfect

I	have held down sb; holden down sb
you	have held down sb; holden down sb
he;she;it	has held down sb; holden down sb
we	have held down sb; holden down sb
you	have held down sb; holden down sb
they	have held down sb; holden down sb

Past

I	held down sb
you	held down sb
he;she;it	held down sb
we	held down sb
you	held down sb
they	held down sb

Pluperfect

I	had held down sb; holden down sb
you	had held down sb; holden down sb
he;she;it	had held down sb; holden down sb
we	had held down sb; holden down sb
you	had held down sb; holden down sb
they	had held down sb; holden down sb

Future

I	will hold down sb
you	will hold down sb
he;she;it	will hold down sb
we	will hold down sb
you	will hold down sb
they	will hold down sb

Future Perfect

I	will have held down sb; holden down sb
you	will have held down sb; holden down sb
he;she;it	will have held down sb; holden down sb
we	will have held down sb; holden down sb
you	will have held down sb; holden down sb
they	will have held down sb; holden down sb

Subjunctive

Present

I	hold down sb
you	hold down sb
he;she;it	hold down sb
we	hold down sb
you	hold down sb
they	hold down sb

Perfect

I	have held down sb; holden down sb
you	have held down sb; holden down sb
he;she;it	have held down sb; holden down sb
we	have held down sb; holden down sb
you	have held down sb; holden down sb
they	have held down sb; holden down sb

Imperfect

I	held down sb
you	held down sb
he;she;it	held down sb
we	held down sb
you	held down sb
they	held down sb

Pluperfect

I	had held down sb; holden down sb
you	had held down sb; holden down sb
he;she;it	had held down sb; holden down sb
we	had held down sb; holden down sb
you	had held down sb; holden down sb
they	had held down sb; holden down sb

Conditional

Present

I	would hold down sb
you	would hold down sb
he;she;it	would hold down sb
we	would hold down sb
you	would hold down sb
they	would hold down sb

Perfect

I	would have held down sb; holden down sb
you	would have held down sb; holden down sb
he;she;it	would have held down sb; holden down sb
we	would have held down sb; holden down sb
you	would have held down sb; holden down sb
they	would have held down sb; holden down sb

Imperative

you	hold down sb
we	Let's hold down sb
you	hold down sb

Indicative

Present

I	am holding down sb
you	are holding down sb
he;she;it	is holding down sb
we	are holding down sb
you	are holding down sb
they	are holding down sb

Perfect

I	have been holding down sb
you	have been holding down sb
he;she;it	has been holding down sb
we	have been holding down sb
you	have been holding down sb
they	have been holding down sb

Past

I	was holding down sb
you	were holding down sb
he;she;it	was holding down sb
we	were holding down sb
you	were holding down sb
they	were holding down sb

Pluperfect

I	had been holding down sb
you	had been holding down sb
he;she;it	had been holding down sb
we	had been holding down sb
you	had been holding down sb
they	had been holding down sb

Future

I	will be holding down sb
you	will be holding down sb
he;she;it	will be holding down sb
we	will be holding down sb
you	will be holding down sb
they	will be holding down sb

Future Perfect

I	will have been holding down sb
you	will have been holding down sb
he;she;it	will have been holding down sb
we	will have been holding down sb
you	will have been holding down sb
they	will have been holding down sb

Conditional

Present

I	would be holding down sb
you	would be holding down sb
he;she;it	would be holding down sb
we	would be holding down sb
you	would be holding down sb
they	would be holding down sb

Perfect

I	would have been holding down sb
you	would have been holding down sb
he;she;it	would have been holding down sb
we	would have been holding down sb
you	would have been holding down sb
they	would have been holding down sb

Verbs conjugated like 'hold'

behold, hold, uphold, withhold, breathhold, hand-hold, handhold, overwithhold, stranglehold, underwithhold,

Verbs similar to 'hold'

bold, fold, gold, hod, hole, holk, hood, mold, bald, behold,

Synonyms & Antonyms

Synonyms

grasp or grip: grasp
have and keep possession of something: possess
not to move: stop
not to give way: persevere
restrain oneself: desist
take place: happen
to cease to proceed or act: absist, belay, blin, break off, cease, cess, cheese it, come to an end, desist, discontinue, forbear, halt, have done with, leave off, let up, rest, stanch, staunch, stay, stop, surcease, terminate
to have ownership of: have, own, possess
to cease moving; to come to a stand or standstill: anchor, astand, blin, brake, cease, draw up, grind to a halt, halt, stall, stay, stop
to hold firmly, particularly with the hand: begrasp, begrip, belock, clasp, clench, clinch, cling, clutch, enclasp, fang, fondle, glaum, grab, grabble, grasp, grip, hang on, hold on, hold tight, nim, seize, stranglehold, take
to exist; to be a reality: bechance, befall, belimp, betide, betime, chance, come about, come to pass, crop up, evene, eventuate, go on, hap, happen, occur, pass, take place, transpire
have: possess, retain, keep, occupy, own
continue: endure, persist, remain, maintain, support, sustain, last, bear
restrain: confine, detain, hinder, deactivate

Antonyms

have: lack, need, miss, lose
continue: stop, halt, desist, interrupt
restrain: release, unbind, loosen

Additional Information

Phrasal Verbs

Etymology

1. O.E. haldan (Anglian), healdan (W.Saxon), class VII strong verb (past tense heold, pp. healden), from P.Gmc. *khaldanan (cf. O.N. halda, Du. houden, Ger. halten "to hold," Goth. haldan "to tend"), originally "to keep, tend, watch over" (as cattle), later "to have." Ancestral sense is preserved in behold. Holdup, in sense of "a stoppage," is 1837 in Amer.Eng.; sense of "stopping by force and robbing" is 1851, also in Amer.Eng., probably strengthened by notion of "holding up hands." To hold (one's) own is from c.1330. No holds barred "with all restrictions removed" is first recorded 1942 in theater jargon but is ultimately from wrestling. Phrase hold your horses "be patient" is from 1844. Hold out (v.) is from 1907. The original pp. holden was replaced by held beginning 16c., but survives in some legal jargon and in beholden.
2. Etymology tree
3. Proto-Germanic *haldaną
4. Proto-West Germanic *haldan
5. Old English healdan
6. Middle English holden
7. English hold
8. Derived from Middle English holden, derived from Old English healdan, derived from Proto-West Germanic *haldan, derived from Proto-Germanic *haldaną (“to tend, herd”), maybe derived from Proto-Indo-European *kel- (“to drive”). Doublet of halt.
9. Cognates
10. *West Frisian hâlde
11. *Low German holden, holen
12. *Dutch houden
13. *German halten
14. *Danish
15. *Norwegian Bokmål holde
16. *Norwegian Nynorsk halda.
17. Compare Latin celer (“quick”), Tocharian B käl- (“to goad, drive”), Ancient Greek κέλλω (kéllō, “to drive”), Sanskrit कलयति (kalayati, “to impel”). See: Middle English 'holden', Old English 'healdan', Proto-Germanic '*haldaną', Low Saxon 'holden', Dutch 'houden', German, old spelling 'halten', Norwegian 'holde', Norwegian, nynorsk 'halda', Sanskrit 'कलयति'.

Verbs referencing "hold"

Norwegian, nynorsk halda, Luxembourgish halen, German, old spelling halten, Cimbrian haltan, Danish holde, Norwegian holde, Sranan hori, Frisian, Saterlandic hoolde, Sanskrit कलयति, Sanskrit कालयति.

Sample Sentences

[...] flat quilt, covering a very thin mattress, spread like a surgical plaster on a most inaccessible shelf. But that this was the state-room concerning which Charles Dickens, Esquire, and Lady, had held daily and nightly conferences for at least four months preceding: that this could by any possibility be that small snug chamber of the imagination, which Charles Dickens, Esquire, with the spirit of [...] (American Notes for General Circulation)
“ I can't make trade that way—I positively ca n't, Mr. Shelby, ” said the other, holding up a glass of wine between his eye and the light. (Uncle Tom’s Cabin)
[...] is a very striking time on shipboard. Afterwards, and when its novelty had long worn off, it never ceased to have a peculiar interest and charm for me. The gloom through which the great black mass holds its direct and certain course; the rushing water, plainly heard, but dimly seen; the broad, white, glistening track, that follows in the vessel 's wake; the men on the look-out forward, who would be [...] (American Notes for General Circulation)
[...] completely dressed too, with a huge pea-coat on, and a pair of boots such as no weak man in his senses could ever have got into. I found myself standing, when a gleam of consciousness came upon me, holding on to something. I do n't know what. I think it was the boatswain: or it may have been the pump: or possibly the cow. I ca n't say how long I had been there; whether a day or a minute. I [...] (American Notes for General Circulation)
[...] or comfortable cordial; and nothing better occurring to me, at the moment, than hot brandy-and-water, I procured a tumbler full without delay. It being impossible to stand or sit without holding on, they were all heaped together in one corner of a long sofa—a fixture extending entirely across the cabin—where they clung to each other in momentary expectation of being drowned. When I [...] (American Notes for General Circulation)
[...] was about to administer it with many consolatory expressions to the nearest sufferer, what was my dismay to see them all roll slowly down to the other end ! And when I staggered to that end, and held out the glass once more, how immensely baffled were my good intentions by the ship giving another lurch, and their all rolling back again ! I suppose I dodged them up and down this sofa for at [...] (American Notes for General Circulation)
He was waited upon over the factory, shown the machinery by George, who, in high spirits, talked so fluently, held himself so erect, looked so handsome and manly, that his master began to feel an uneasy consciousness of inferiority. What business had his slave to be marching round the country, inventing [...] (Uncle Tom’s Cabin)
[...] so erect, looked so handsome and manly, that his master began to feel an uneasy consciousness of inferiority. What business had his slave to be marching round the country, inventing machines, and holding up his head among gentlemen ? He'd soon put a stop to it. He'd take him back, and put him to hoeing and digging, and “ see if he'd step about so smart. ” Accordingly, the manufacturer and all hands [...] (Uncle Tom’s Cabin)
“ How glad I am ! — why don't you smile ? — and look at Harry—how he grows. ” The boy stood shyly regarding his father through his curls, holding close to the skirts of his mother's dress. “ Isn't he beautiful ? ” said Eliza, lifting his long curls and kissing him. (Uncle Tom’s Cabin)
[...] whip so near the horse that the creature was frightened. I asked him to stop, as pleasant as I could,—he just kept right on. I begged him again, and then he turned on me, and began striking me. I held his hand, and then he screamed and kicked and ran to his father, and told him that I was fighting him. He came in a rage, and said he'd teach me who was my master; and he tied me to a tree, and cut [...] (Uncle Tom’s Cabin)
♪ Something hot, holds a lot ♪ ♪ Won't leave me alone ♪ ♪ I need a girl to stop the world ♪ (Once Upon a Time in Hollyweird)

hold – English verb conjugation

English verb forms of hold

Nominal Forms

Cognates

Indicative

Present

Perfect

Past

Pluperfect

Future

Future Perfect

Subjunctive

Present

Perfect

Imperfect

Pluperfect

Conditional

Present

Perfect

Imperative

Progressive (Continuous) Forms

Indicative

Present

Perfect

Past

Pluperfect

Future

Future Perfect

Conditional

Present

Perfect

Other

Verbs conjugated like 'hold'

Verbs similar to 'hold'

Synonyms & Antonyms

Synonyms

Antonyms

Additional Information

Phrasal Verbs

Etymology

Verbs referencing "hold"

Sample Sentences