Icelandic is the national language of Iceland. It is spoken by
250,000 people in Iceland. It's a Germanic
language.
Entering verbs:
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Classification of Icelandic verbs
Icelandic verbs are divided in weak and strong verbs.
In addition to these two main groups, there are reduplicating
verbs and irregular verbs.
A. Weak verbs
The past tense of weak verbs is formed by adding a dental suffix
(t, d, ) between the stem and personal ending. There are four groups
of weak verbs:
1. Verbs ending in -ja: spyrja.
2. Stemvowel front (e, i, y, , , ei, ey, ): beina,
heyra, klippa.
3. Stemvowel back (a, , o, , , also , u, i): ora,
loða.
4. Past tense -ai in 1st person singular: kalla.
B. Strong verbs
The past tense of strong verbs is formed with a change in the
stem vowel. There are seven groups of strong verbs:
1. Vowel change ( í> ei): bíta.
2. Vowel change (jó, jú, > au): sjóða,
smjúga,
lúta.
3. Vowel change (e, in > a): hvella,
spinna.
4. Vowel change (e > a): nema.
5. Vowel change (e, i > a): gefa,
biðja.
6. Vowel change (e > ó): fara.
C. Reduplicating verbs
The past of these verbs was originally formed by reduplication of the first
syllable. (Cf. Gothic haitan)
1. Vowel
change (ei > ; au > j ; a > ; > ): heita,
auka, falla,
láta.
2. Vowel change ( , > er): gróa,
snúa.
D. Irregular verbs
mega, eiga,
kunna, muna,
vita, vilja,
urfa,
munu, skulu,
vera.
